Matthew Heironimus posted a step by step guide of his “ultimate” classic game console joystick to USB adapter build:
This article describes how to use an Arduino Leonardo or Arduino Micro to make up to three classic console joysticks (e.g. Atari 2600, ColecoVision, and possibly others) available to a modern computer (e.g. Windows PC, Mac, or Linux). This adapter can be placed into one of the following modes:Project info at Heironimus’ blog.
* Joystick Mode
Each of the three classic console joysticks appear as a Game Controller.
* ADAMEm Mode
Configured for use with the ADAMEm emulator. Joystick 1’s direction and fire buttons are mapped to a Game Controller and the keypad is mapped to the keyboard’s numeric keypad keys. Joystick 2 is mapped to keyboard keys (e.g. up arrow key, down arrow key, etc.). This allows ADAMEm to support two player games. Joystick 3 is not used in this mode.
* MAME Mode
Configured for use with the MAME emulator. All three joysticks’ direction and fire buttons are mapped to the three Game Controllers. The numeric keys on all three joysticks are mapped to keyboard keys.